1. Izinto zePlastiki ekrwada. Le mveliso eluhlaza iqulunqwe kakhulu ngamaminerali odongwe, le silicate inesakhiwo esine-layer, iincinci ezincinci, kwaye zineplastiki ethile. Xa usenza i-ceramics, iya kuba nomsebenzi wokudibanisa kunye neplastiki, ukwenzela ukuba i-grouting yenziwe ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba i-blank nayo ikwazi ukubunjwa ngokulula, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lineekhemikhali ezinamandla kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal.
2. Imathiriyeli ekrwada engenanto. Kukho izinto ezintathu eziphambili, ezibandakanya iityuwa ezine-oksijini, i-aluminium oxides, i-silicon oxides, njl., kwaye ezi zixhobo zamaminerali azikho iplastiki. Xa usenza i-ceramics, iya kudlala umsebenzi wokunciphisa i-viscosity, ukwenzela ukuba i-viscosity ye-blank iyancipha. Enye i-quartz idityaniswe neglasi ye-feldspar ukuphepha i-deformation ephezulu yobushushu.
3. Flux imathiriyeli ekrwada. Amacandelo eminerali anjengeentsimbi zealkali, iityuwa ezineoksijini kunye neeoksidi zesinyithi zomhlaba zezona zinto ziphambili, kwaye umsebenzi ophambili kukuncedisa ukunyibilika, kwaye kwimeko yokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu, enye i-kaolin kunye ne-quartz inokunyibilika, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokushisa okuphezulu kwesamente. Izinto ezixhaphakileyo yigranite, idolomite kunye nefeldspar.
4. Iimathiriyeli ekrwada esebenzayo. Ikwayimathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenziselwa ukwenza iiseramics, kwaye nangona ingadlali indima enkulu, ikwayimfuneko. Kwinkqubo yokwenza i-ceramics, ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo lemathiriyeli ekrwada kunokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuphucula inkqubo, kunye nokuphucula inkangeleko kunye nexabiso.
