Udumo lweporcelain emhlophe kaDingyao lwaqala kuMkhosi weNgoma yaseMantla, kwaye ukudutyulwa kweporcelain emhlophe kaDingyao kwaqala kwiTang Dynasty. Indawo yeDingyao Kiln ikwilali yaseQuyangjian Magnetic, eHebei. Iporcelain emhlophe ye-Dingyao ye-Tang Dynasty ineempawu ezifanayo kwi-Xingyao porcelain emhlophe, kwaye iimilo ziquka izitya, iipleyiti, iitreyi, iimbiza zokuzalisa, izitya, izitovu ezinemilenze emithathu kunye nezinto zokudlala. Xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yeXesha leeDynasties eziHlanu, imiphetho yenqanawa inemilebe eshinyeneyo, amagxa apheleleyo, amazantsi asicaba, kunye namazantsi aqinileyo afana nekeyiki, kwaye eminye inamazantsi aluhlaza. Uninzi lweporcelain emhlophe yeTang Dynasty Dingyao ifana neporcelain emhlophe yaseXingyao ngelo xesha, icandelo lethambo lomntwana lincinci, umbala we-fetus umhlophe, kwaye kukho olunye uhlobo lwethambo lomntwana oluqina ngakumbi, icandelo lithe kratya, kodwa i-sintering ingcono.
Ngexesha le-Neolithic, ubumba obumhlophe kwinkcubeko yaseDawenkou, i-Shang Dynasty's Erligang kunye namanxuwa eYin ibonise ukusukela izinto ezimhlophe ngabachwephesha ngelo xesha.
Xa imveliso ye-celadon yobushushu obuphezulu iqhubekile kwisitya soMlambo iYangtze (ingakumbi iYuedi, iZhejiang) ngenkulungwane yesi-3, emantla, enemvelaphi emhlophe yemveli, nayo yazama ukutshisa i-porcelain ngobume obukhazimlisiweyo.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-6, i-Northern Qi (i-550-577) yavelisa i-white-glazed ware, kodwa ngokwembono ye-glaze pharmacy, ezo zitya ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zingabizwa ngokuba yi-low-temperature glazed pottery, okanye i-low-temperature lead glaze ware ye-high-temperature ye-high-temperature ye-semi-temperature emhlophe yomlilo, i-clazed-ye-pomercelad i-firetime; Nangona kunjalo, iinzame zangabom zababumbi boMkhosi waseMantla wokusukela ukubonakala kweeseramikhi ezimhlophe sele zicace gca.
I-Sui (581-618) kunye ne-Tang (618-907) yayilixesha lophuhliso olubanzi loshishino lwe-porcelain olusemantla, kunye ne-Xing kiln, edume ngokuvelisa i-porcelain emhlophe ecocekileyo, yayingummeli weshishini lasemntla, emi ecaleni kunye nomzantsi we-Yue ye-porcelain, eyenza ipateni ye-porcelainbei yasezantsi. Iikhilni ezininzi kulo lonke icandelo elingasentla le-Tang Dynasty zaphenjelelwa zii-kilns ze-Xing, ngoko zazifana kakhulu ngobume, ukukhazimla, ukuhombisa kunye nenkqubo yokudubula, kunye ne-Ding kiln yayingenjalo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo le-Tang Dynasty, kwakukho iindidi ezimbini zeporcelain emhlophe esemantla: i-porcelain emhlophe-tai-glazed kunye ne-make-up yeporcelain emhlophe kunye nodongwe olwenziwayo, kwaye i-kiln yayingummeli weporcelain emhlophe. Ngexesha lika Tang kade, Dingzhou wagcina imeko yezopolitiko ezinzile ngokwentelekiso, kwaye Lingshan umhlaba iphezulu porcelain kaolin, kwaye kufutshane nayo isityebi feldspar, quartz, dolomite kunye nezinye izinto ezibengezela ikrwada, eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo imveliso kwindawo emantla Jianci Village Jianciling ilahleko yendalo ekhawulezayo kunye nemeko yendalo ekhawulezayo yokuphuhlisa i-pocelar yendalo ye-pocelar yendalo ye-pocelar ngokukhawuleza ukugrumba chaeological kwavunjululwa ezininzi emva kwexesha Tang ubukhosi obugqwesileyo imizekelo porcelain engcwabeni, angabonisa ukukhula Dingyao ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa umthamo wemveliso, ukuze Dingyao porcelain emhlophe ngokuthe ngcembe ukogqitha ubume Xingyao.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-10 ekuqaleni koMkhosi weNgoma yaseMntla, umphezulu weporcelain emhlophe ye-Dingyao yayinemigca yokuhombisa, kodwa uninzi lwazo yayiziipateni ezinqamlezileyo eziqingqwe kakuhle ngeemela ezithe tye; Udonga lwangaphandle luhlala luqingqwa ngeemaleko ezininzi ze-lotus petals, ezisetyenziswa kwi-bas-relief ukubonisa ukuba i-lotus petal nganye isetyenziswa njenge-mid-ridge rib; Ithathiwe, ingabonakali ekugqibeleni, umgca womlomo ugcwele i-glaze, kodwa kuqhelekile ukukrazula isangqa se-glaze emlonyeni ngaphambi kokudubula kwe-oven, okanye ukususa umgca omncinci emlonyeni emva kokudubula. I-porcelain emhlophe yeli xesha yenziwe ukuxelisa i-Yaozhou kiln kunye ne-Yue kiln.
Ngexesha leMveli yeNgoma yaseMntla, ukusuka kwiminyaka yama-20 ukuya kuma-50 kwinkulungwane ye-11, itekhnoloji yemveliso ye-porcelain ye-Dingyao yatshintsha kakhulu. Imela ethe ngqo yoqobo eqingqwe kakuhle imivumbo ekroliweyo iguqulwa ibe yi-oblique knife imivimbo yomgca omde; Amagqabi e-lotus aphakanyisiweyo aphakanyisiweyo ayancitshiswa. Ipateni eshicilelweyo yokubumba yangaphakathi ibonakala, kwaye eli xesha ligqityiwe; Indlela yokucima umlilo ayizange iphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo de kwayi-50 yenkulungwane ye-11. Isimbo se-kiln sagqitywa ngeli xesha.
Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-11 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12, elona xesha liphumeleleyo leNtlobo yeNgoma yaseMntla, amangcwaba eShi anjengamangcwaba osapho lwe-Han Qi kunye namangcwaba osapho lukaLü Dalin avumbulule imisebenzi emininzi ekumgangatho ophezulu ye-Ding kiln kunye namaqhekeza, ubukhulu becala ecocekileyo kwaye efumileyo yeembotyi porcelain, i-mangic ebanzi yomlomo, kunye nolunye unyawo olubanzi.
Ukususela kwi-20 ukuya kwi-50 yenkulungwane ye-12, ngeli xesha, i-kiln yayiyeye-Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), kwaye imboni ye-kiln yaphumelela, kwaye umgangatho kunye nobuninzi bafikelela phezulu. Inani leporcelain emhlophe efunyenwe kwindawo esemantla yeJin Dynasty lininzi kakhulu. I-"Golden History" iqulethe: "I-Zhending Fu ivelisa i-porcelain. â
Ngexesha le-Neolithic, ubumba obumhlophe kwinkcubeko yaseDawenkou, i-Shang Dynasty's Erligang kunye namanxuwa eYin ibonise ukusukela izinto ezimhlophe ngabachwephesha ngelo xesha.
Xa imveliso ye-celadon yobushushu obuphezulu iqhubekile kwisitya soMlambo iYangtze (ingakumbi iYuedi, iZhejiang) ngenkulungwane yesi-3, emantla, enemvelaphi emhlophe yemveli, nayo yazama ukutshisa i-porcelain ngobume obukhazimlisiweyo.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-6, i-Northern Qi (i-550-577) yavelisa i-white-glazed ware, kodwa ngokwembono ye-glaze pharmacy, ezo zitya ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zingabizwa ngokuba yi-low-temperature glazed pottery, okanye i-low-temperature lead glaze ware ye-high-temperature ye-high-temperature ye-semi-temperature emhlophe yomlilo, i-clazed-ye-pomercelad i-firetime; Nangona kunjalo, iinzame zangabom zababumbi boMkhosi waseMantla wokusukela ukubonakala kweeseramikhi ezimhlophe sele zicace gca.
I-Sui (581-618) kunye ne-Tang (618-907) yayilixesha lophuhliso olubanzi loshishino lwe-porcelain olusemantla, kunye ne-Xing kiln, edume ngokuvelisa i-porcelain emhlophe ecocekileyo, yayingummeli weshishini lasemntla, emi ecaleni kunye nomzantsi we-Yue ye-porcelain, eyenza ipateni ye-porcelainbei yasezantsi. Iikhilni ezininzi kulo lonke icandelo elingasentla le-Tang Dynasty zaphenjelelwa zii-kilns ze-Xing, ngoko zazifana kakhulu ngobume, ukukhazimla, ukuhombisa kunye nenkqubo yokudubula, kunye ne-Ding kiln yayingenjalo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo le-Tang Dynasty, kwakukho iindidi ezimbini zeporcelain emhlophe esemantla: i-porcelain emhlophe-tai-glazed kunye ne-make-up yeporcelain emhlophe kunye nodongwe olwenziwayo, kwaye i-kiln yayingummeli weporcelain emhlophe. Ngexesha lika Tang kade, Dingzhou wagcina imeko yezopolitiko ezinzile ngokwentelekiso, kwaye Lingshan umhlaba iphezulu porcelain kaolin, kwaye kufutshane nayo isityebi feldspar, quartz, dolomite kunye nezinye izinto ezibengezela ikrwada, eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo imveliso kwindawo emantla Jianci Village Jianciling ilahleko yendalo ekhawulezayo kunye nemeko yendalo ekhawulezayo yokuphuhlisa i-pocelar yendalo ye-pocelar yendalo ye-pocelar ngokukhawuleza ukugrumba chaeological kwavunjululwa ezininzi emva kwexesha Tang ubukhosi obugqwesileyo imizekelo porcelain engcwabeni, angabonisa ukukhula Dingyao ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa umthamo wemveliso, ukuze Dingyao porcelain emhlophe ngokuthe ngcembe ukogqitha ubume Xingyao.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-10 ekuqaleni koMkhosi weNgoma yaseMntla, umphezulu weporcelain emhlophe ye-Dingyao yayinemigca yokuhombisa, kodwa uninzi lwazo yayiziipateni ezinqamlezileyo eziqingqwe kakuhle ngeemela ezithe tye; Udonga lwangaphandle luhlala luqingqwa ngeemaleko ezininzi ze-lotus petals, ezisetyenziswa kwi-bas-relief ukubonisa ukuba i-lotus petal nganye isetyenziswa njenge-mid-ridge rib; Ithathiwe, ingabonakali ekugqibeleni, umgca womlomo ugcwele i-glaze, kodwa kuqhelekile ukukrazula isangqa se-glaze emlonyeni ngaphambi kokudubula kwe-oven, okanye ukususa umgca omncinci emlonyeni emva kokudubula. I-porcelain emhlophe yeli xesha yenziwe ukuxelisa i-Yaozhou kiln kunye ne-Yue kiln.
Ngexesha leMveli yeNgoma yaseMntla, ukusuka kwiminyaka yama-20 ukuya kuma-50 kwinkulungwane ye-11, itekhnoloji yemveliso ye-porcelain ye-Dingyao yatshintsha kakhulu. Imela ethe ngqo yoqobo eqingqwe kakuhle imivumbo ekroliweyo iguqulwa ibe yi-oblique knife imivimbo yomgca omde; Amagqabi e-lotus aphakanyisiweyo aphakanyisiweyo ayancitshiswa. Ipateni eshicilelweyo yokubumba yangaphakathi ibonakala, kwaye eli xesha ligqityiwe; Indlela yokucima umlilo ayizange iphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo de kwayi-50 yenkulungwane ye-11. Isimbo se-kiln sagqitywa ngeli xesha.
Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-11 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12, elona xesha liphumeleleyo leNtlobo yeNgoma yaseMntla, amangcwaba eShi anjengamangcwaba osapho lwe-Han Qi kunye namangcwaba osapho lukaLü Dalin avumbulule imisebenzi emininzi ekumgangatho ophezulu ye-Ding kiln kunye namaqhekeza, ubukhulu becala ecocekileyo kwaye efumileyo yeembotyi porcelain, i-mangic ebanzi yomlomo, kunye nolunye unyawo olubanzi.
Ukususela kwi-20 ukuya kwi-50 yenkulungwane ye-12, ngeli xesha, i-kiln yayiyeye-Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), kwaye imboni ye-kiln yaphumelela, kwaye umgangatho kunye nobuninzi bafikelela phezulu. Inani leporcelain emhlophe efunyenwe kwindawo esemantla yeJin Dynasty lininzi kakhulu. I-"Golden History" iqulethe: "I-Zhending Fu ivelisa i-porcelain. â
