I-Ceramics ligama elidityanisiweyo lokubumba kunye ne-porcelain, kodwa kunye nohlobo lobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla e-China, emva kwexesha le-Neolithic, i-China inesimbo esirhabaxa, esilula sengqayi epeyintiweyo kunye nodongwe olumnyama. Iingqayi kunye ne-porcelain zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu. Udongwe lwenziwe ngodongwe olune-viscosity ephezulu kunye neplastiki eyomeleleyo njengeyona nto iphambili, i-opaque, i-pores emihle kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi abuthathaka, kunye nesandi sokubetha sinomsindo. Yenziwe ngodongwe, i-feldspar kunye ne-quartz, i-porcelain i-translucent, ayifuni, i-corrosion-resistant, iqinile kwaye iqinile, kwaye i-brittle. Ubugcisa be-ceramic yemveli yaseTshayina kunye nobugcisa, umgangatho ophezulu, imilo emihle, ixabiso eliphezulu lobugcisa, elidumileyo kwihlabathi.
Pottery): Udongwe, olusisitya esenziwe ngokuxova udongwe okanye i-terracotta ibe yimilo kwaye iqhunyiswe. Udongwe lunembali ende, kwaye udongwe olula nolurhabaxa lwaqala ukubonwa ngexesha leNeolithic. Iingqayi zazisetyenziswa njengempahla yemihla ngemihla kumaxesha amandulo kwaye ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo ziqokelelwa njengomsebenzi wezandla. Ukuveliswa kwezinto zomdongwe kukuqala kokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kweenguqu zemichiza ukutshintsha iipropati zendalo, kwaye yenye yeempawu zophuhliso loluntu lwabantu ukusuka kwixesha le-Paleolithic ukuya kwixesha le-Neolithic.
I-porcelain): I-porcelain yenziwe ngelitye le-porcelain, i-kaolin, ilitye le-quartz, i-mullite, njl., kwaye ingaphandle igqunywe nge-vitreous glaze okanye izinto ezipeyintiweyo. Ukubunjwa kweporcelain kufuneka kutshiswe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (malunga ne-1280 ° C ~ 1400 ° C) kwi-oven, kunye nombala we-glaze kumphezulu we-porcelain uya kuba neenguqu ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ngenxa yomahluko kwiqondo lokushisa, elibubutyebi obuboniswa yimpucuko yaseTshayina. I-China lilizwe le-porcelain, kwaye i-porcelain yayiyindalo ebalulekileyo yabantu bamandulo ababesebenza. I-Xie Zhaoxuan irekhodwe kwi-"Five Miscellaneous Tricks": "Intetho yanamhlanje yokuba i-kiln ware ibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo samagnetic, kwaye i-kiln e-Cizhou ineyona nto ininzi, ngoko yandisa igama layo, njengesilivere ebizwa ngokuba yi-Miti, i-inki ibizwa ngokuba yi-chyme, njalo njalo." "Ngelo xesha, "i-magnetic" i-kiln ebonakala ibangelwa yimveliso enkulu ye-Cizhou kiln. Lo ngumthombo wokuqala wembali ofunyenweyo ukusebenzisa igama elithi porcelain.
